The Coming American Wildlife Conflict

America fell in love with wildlife and wild grounds again in 2020.

More people than at any point in recent history visited national parks, state wildlife management areas, purchased hunting and fishing licenses and went camping. As the coronavirus squashed indoors recreation, people sought solace outdoors.

And it continues.

This comes as human populations are growing in some of America’s top wildlife states.

Colorado added a million new residents between 2010 and 2020.

Texas’ population has grown 20 percent since 2000 alone and Montana for the first time has two Congressional seats.

Black bears deserve our respect but that means a true understanding of these complex and incredibly strong predators. (Public Domain Photo)

Skyrocketing people numbers in wildlife heavy states that are seeing increases in potentially dangerous wildlife will bring dramatically increased human-wildlife conflict.

On April 30, 2021, a Colorado Springs woman was killed by a 10-year-old black sow. Her remains were found in the sow’s stomach and in that of one of her yearlings as well.

In September a woman was nearly killed by a cow moose attack in Colorado. She played dead to survive.

And in my home region of Southeast, we’re coming upon the one year anniversary of a fatal hog attack. And four months after it, we documented a man savagely attacked by boar near Texas Lake Sam Rayburn.

More people. Less habitat. More wildlife.

Those are formulas for big problems.

But there are other factors as well

Animal rightist ideology driving policy with wildlife will make matters worse. These people never blame the animal. It’s somehow always the person’s fault.

Like, the 16-year-old girl who was attacked by a bear while sleeping on a hammock in a designated camping area was asking for a mauling.

I love wildlife.

I dedicate a huge amount of my time to its conservation.

But it has to be managed.

And yes that means bears that attack people should be killed. It also means where biologically feasible hunting should be allowed to harvest animals from burgeoning populations and to help put some fear of humans among predators.

Many of the people entering the woods for the first time last year see nature as a petting zoo.

Bison get plenty of wildlife-uneducated people to whack in the Yellowstone region where free-ranging populations exist. (Photo by Chester Moore)

I witnessed it myself in Yellowstone National Park as a woman took a selfie with a 2,000-pound bull bison. I warned her and thankfully she didn’t get attacked but people act the same way with bears, moose and any other animals they encounter.

There needs to be a huge wildlife education initative and this why we at Higher Calling Wildlife have greatly increased our Texas Bear Aware activities and outreach. Bears are coming back to Texas and almost no one here knows how to share the woods with them.

The following three species is where I see the biggest issues in most of the Lower 48. We’ll touch on Canada and Alaska as well as the Yellowstone grizzly situation in another post down the road.

Black Bears: Black bear numbers are rising, especially in the South, with Florida seeing large increases along with Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma and Tennessee. Black bears rarely attack but nearly all black bear attacks are predatory. Grizzlies will sometimes lash out because they just didn’t like the way you looked. Black bears who are fed by people, eat from their garbage and come into conflict with pets will be an increasing danger.

Feral Hogs: Feral hog populations are skyrocketing in the South, increasing in the West and Northeast and they are a real potential danger. We’ve seen it here in Texas with the aforementioned attacks. I hate to predict bad things but this is just the beginning.

Click here to listen to our podcast with the survivor.

The author got these game camera photos of a large boar on private land near a popular family fishing area. (Photo by Chester Moore)

Moose: These monstrous deer don’t play. Mess with a moose and you get smashed. They’re also not afraid to show up in someone’s yard or eat in the middle of a hiking trail. We usually don’t think of ungulates as a danger but moose are showing themselves to be one, especially in Colorado where there are a record number of issues with them in 2021.

People have to be educated.

Hunting where applicable should be used to manage burgeoning populations. And in the case of hogs, every hog needs to be targeted. Sadly, we just can’t kill enough to stop the mega rise in numbers.

And we must maintain a respect for wildlife.

It’s great that more people are enjoying the outdoors. That’s more advocates to keep mountains from becoming ski lodges and plains from turning to park lots.

But there will be a move via hidden, radical animal rights agendas to remove animals like moose which were stocked in Colorado from the landscape. Oh, it will be under the guise of public safety and restoring balance to the “natural” order but it wil come.

They’ve already done it with mountain goats in other states.

And there will be pressure to restrict access to wilderness areas for ‘safety” and for the animals’ “welfare”.

We must stand against this. And we must support sound management and educaton of our wildlife resources.

We must also realize more human-wildlife conflict is coming. We need to be sure we’re not a casualty.

And we need to ensure wildlife has plenty of wild ground and we have access to enjoy it as well, empowered by the knowledge that sometimes animals do attack.

Chester Moore

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Don’t Mess With A Mountain Goat

On Sept. 4, visitors to a popular Canadian hiking trail found the body of a young (154 pound) grizzly bear.

According to an article at livescience.com, park rangers airlifted the carcass so it did not attract predators to the popular trail and to ascertain the cause of death.

Wounds around the neck and armpit at first confused officials.

A necropsy, however, revealed the culprit.

“The forensic necropsy subsequently confirmed that the wounds incurred before death were consistent with the size and shape of mountain goat horns,” David Laskin, a wildlife ecologist at Parks Canada, told local news outlet Rocky Mountain Outlook.

Mountain goats are large animals capable of defending themselves against even bear attacks. (Photo by Chester Moore)

So, a mountain goat killed a grizzly.

When attending my first-ever journalism class in high school, I remember hearing, “Dog bites man is not a story. Man bites dog is the story you’re looking for.”

Well, mountain goat kills grizzly is that kind of story.

Yes, it was not a full-grown grizzly, and a 154-pound female was probably a year-old cub.

But even at that size, they are formidable predators.

While the size of the goat implicated in this interesting predator-prey scenario has not been determined, a mature billy can weigh as much as 300 pounds.

These are big, strong, incredibly agile animals that can flee or fight.

“Regarding the recent article about the mountain goat potentially injuring and killing a grizzly…that’s something you don’t hear about every day,'” said Lee MacDonalds, Operations Coordinator with the Rocky Mountain Goat Alliance (RMGA). 

“I think the takeaway from that article and information from the biologists is that mountain goats (like any large animal, not just predators) have the potential to injure and even kill human-size animals.”

RMGA’s mission is to conserve mountain goat populations and educate the public about these beautiful and unique animals.

“Every year, there are reports of large ungulates in parks injuring humans when they push too close and prompt a defense response. Mountain goats are no different and should be respected,’ MacDonalds said. 

“Here in Montana, we have partnered with Montana, Fish Wildlife & Parks, and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to have laminated signs at trailheads in mountain goat areas, helping to warn people not to approach them should they run into one. “

Along with wild sheep, mountain goats represent the best of the American West’s wildlife.

Able to live at the highest elevations and easily move across rocky terrain that few can navigate, they are creatures worthy of our admiration.

And any ungulate that can kill a grizzly in defense is worthy of our respect.

It’s great that a group like RMGA exists to forward the cause of mountain goat conservation.

And this story getting out is a good thing as well.

Maybe it will remind hikers, campers, and others who too often view wild animals on public land as wayward pets to give mountain goats a wide berth.

They might not take too kindly to any attempt to take a selfie with them.

To subscribe to this blog and get weekly cutting edge wildlife news and commentary, enter your email at the prompt on the top right of the page.

Chester Moore

Tigers Coming Back-In China!

Tigers are in my opinion the most beautiful creature on the planet.

While other animals take up far more of my focus as a wildlife journalist, tigers have always had a special place in my heart. In terms of sheer beauty, nothing comes close in my opinion.

Over the years, I have written numerous pieces on tiger conservation and the life history of these iconic cats.

An Amur (Siberian) tiger roaming the wild lands of China. (Photo Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland)

I just got some great news from The Wildlife Conservation Society regarding the Amur (Siberian) tiger.

Scientists from Northeastern Forest University in Harbin, China, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), UC Davis, Amur Tiger National Reserve, World Wildlife Fund, and other groups recently published their results in the journal Biological Conservation, and say that four major forested landscapes – Laoyeling, Zhang-Guangcailing, Wandashan and the Lesser Khinghan Mountains may be able to support more than 300 Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) including 119 breeding females. .

WCS officials said at least 55 individuals identified in recent surveys.

To achieve the goal of 300-plus tigers in China, the authors say that large prey species, such as red deer and wild boar, need to be restored, along with extensive land-use planning, improving connectivity of habitat, reducing negative human impacts, and extensive international cooperation.

WCS officials said as many as 500 Amur tigers Amur tigers roamed throughout northeast China as late as the 1930s. However, by 2000, due to loss of habitat and prey combined with poaching, there were no more than 12~16 Amur tigers found along the border with Russia.

An Amur tiger in China takes time to groom itself in front of a trail camera. (Photo Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland)

Since then, the Natural Forest Protection Project halted logging over much of the region and led to the relocation of forest workers out of the region. The creation of nature reserves, improved anti-poaching efforts, and compensation for human-tiger conflicts have further helped to ease the pressures facing tigers in northeast China.

Camera trap surveys from 2013 to 2018 detected a total of 55 individual tigers in the four forest landscapes in Northeast China, with an increase from 7 individuals in 2013 to 33 individuals in 2018 according to WCS reports.

During this same period, at least 20 cubs were born in northeast China. Amur tigers are distribute across 47813kmin four major landscapes, but the vast majority are found in the Laoyeling Landscape, where the Chinese government recently created the Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park along the border with Russia. At 14,600 km, this park represents the largest protected area for tigers in the world.

Seeing positive trajectory for tigers is exciting and something I plan on digging a little deeper into in the coming months.

Chester Moore

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The Epic American Drought And Wildlife

What’s happening across the Western United States is frightening.

As a wildlife conservationist, seeing the words “significant drought” over 1/3 of the Mountain West is beyond concerning. “Significant” is the designation above extreme.

It’s like the Spinal Tap amplifier that goes to 11 instead of 10.

Most of the rest of that region is in extreme drought with everything else in some level of drought conditions even after a monsoon season that provided rain to some areas in southern New Mexico and Arizona.

The Nevada Department of Wildlife has been dropping water to guzzlers in the desert to ensure desert bighorn sheep have water. We covered that here.

Without it, many of these sheep and other wildlife would die.

(Photo Courtesy Nevada Department of Wildlife)

Now wildlife officials in Utah are looking to drop water in guzzlers at Antelope Island State Park in Utah’s Great Salt Lake as fresh water sources in the higher elevations preferred by the sheep are drying up.

Arizona, one of the nation’s driest states, has been hauling water during droughts for years will haul more than three million gallons in 2021. There saguaro cactus is beginning to die-off which will have a ripple effect on wildlife.

This drought is reflected in big way in wildfires.

According to the National Interagency Fire Center, 4,384,403 acres have burned so far in 2021. That’s compared to 2,919,926 acres in 2020 and we still have a couple of months of fire season.

A wildfire in New Mexico. (Photo US Forest Service)

We’re even starting to see some health issues with wildlife. An example is in Washington where 38 deer in Washington have tested positive for deadly blue-tongue. That state has been one of the hardest hit, especially in the area of temperature.

Some will argue, these are natural cycles and wildlife will just have to deal with it.

That’s a lame way of looking at things.

The wildscapes of our nation are anything but natural. We have dammed rivers, cut off travel corridors, restricted natural fire which makes healthier forest and breeds these super fires that are blazing right now and developed many of the best riparian areas.

That means we have a responsibility to aid wildlife when things we can’t control like temperature make a negative impact.

At the Wild Sheep Foundation’s (WSF) 13th Chapter and Affiliate (C&A) Summit in Lewistown, Idaho (June 25 & 26), a hat was passed to raise money to bring water to drought-stressed desert bighorn sheep herds in southern Nevada. 

A mature desert bighorn ram visiting a guzzler in southern Nevada. (Photo Courtesy Nevada Department of Wildlife)

By the end of the C&A Summit according to WSF’s Keith Balfourd, eighty-two thousand dollars was raised.

This figure is now up to an incredible $182,000 from generous WSF chapters, affiliates, and individual WSF members.

That is difference-making money in the drought stricken Nevada desert and shows the kind of efforts we will have to make if this drought persists.

Forecasts shows this drought continuing until at least late fall.

We will continue our coverage and let you know where you can help in this situation.

In the meantime, let’s pray for rain and creative strategies to help wildlife in a trying time.

Chester Moore

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The Bonefish Of Miami

Anglers travel the globe fishing for bonefish but did you know some of the biggest bonefish can be caught right outside of Miami, Fl?

Join Higher Calling Gulf Coast host Chester Moore as he talks with Capt. Mo Estevez about the amazing bonefish action in the Miami area’s Biscayne Bay.

Click here to listen.

The author with a big bonefish caught while fishing with Capt. Mo Estevez.

In this episode learn the following:

*Biscayne Bay’s unique ecosystem

*Catching bonefish on spinning gear

*Catching bonefish on the fly

*The story of a 14-pound bonefish & more!

To subscribe to this blog and get weekly cutting edge wildlife news and commentary, enter your email at the prompt on the top right of the page.

Wildfires Impacting Jerusalem Area-(Report On Persian Fallow Deer/Zoo)—UPDATE!

UPDATE: We got a report from our friends at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo that skies are clear in the area.

“Reports are that the deer are okay. They have an area which is not burnt and has food,” said the zoo’s Rachael Risby Raz.

You can read our initial report on the fire situation below and learn more about the struggles with wildlife in Israel and how you can support the Persian fallow deer project.

Here’s a photo from this morning from the Israel Nature and Parks Authority showing one of the fallow deer bucks post-fire.

(Photo Israel Nature and Parks Authority)

Israel—A major wildfire is burning in the Jerusalem Hills area.

We were contacted about the fires this morning by our friends at the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo who we partner with via donations to their important and successful Persian fallow deer restoration project.

An older female with a GPS collar (an earlier release from the Zoo’s breeding core) together with fawn who was born this year; another female whose neck we cannot see in the picture, so it is not possible to determine whether she was released from the Zoo or is a nature-born deer; and the fourth deer is a young nature-born deer. (Photo Israel Nature and Parks Authority.)

An article in The Jerusalem Post quoted Fire Chief Insp.-Gen. Dedi Simchithe saying the blaze was human-caused, although it was still unclear if it was an accident, due to negligence or intentionally sparked.

Other sources point directly to arson, which makes this even more tragic.

“The thick smoke from the fire was seen from Jerusalem as the skies darkened over the city,” said Rachael Risby Raz with the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo.

Zoo officials saw the smoke overhead and ashes fell at the zoo, which is around 15 kilometers away from where the center of the blaze was.

Today’s smoke-impacted view from the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo.

“Our thoughts went immediately to our Persian fallow deer, who are part of the Zoo’s successful re-introduction project in the Jerusalem Hills. The acclimatization enclosure for the project and the main area where the deer live is in the area of Nahal Sorek,” Raz said.

The Zoo conservation team were in touch with the Israel Nature and Parks Authority, who are their partners in this important endeavor, throughout the day and night.

“Luckily the fire did not go down from the direction of Har HaTayassim to the Nahal Sorek gorge. This is good news for our deer, they had a place to go. The vast majority of the area in which they are concentrated has not been damaged,” Raz said.

We will keep you updated as we believe this is one of the planet’s most important conservation projects.

This year zoo officials reported the breeding herd there had 13 fawns and there have been several generations of deer born in the wild.

Restoring this deer of the Garden of Eden to the Holy Land is a worthy project and one we recommend you support if possible.

Our prayers are with Jerusalem, Israel, the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo and their conservation projects.

To make donations to the Persian fallow deer restoration project click here.

Chester Moore

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Water Drops Saving Nevada’s Desert Bighorns

Nevada is a facing an intense drought.

Southern Nevada in particular is in the grips of one of the worst droughts in decades, along with much of the Western United States.

While researching the drought for a series of articles on about its impact on wildlife, I noticed something.

The area I photographed this beautiful desert bighorn in Jan. 2020 for our Sheep Scrapbook Project was facing some of the worse conditions. Having a love for that part of the world, I dug deeper.

A desert bighorn ram (with an ear tag) photographed by the author in Nevada in 2020.

What I found out is the drought conditions are so bad in fact, officials with the Nevada Department of Wildlife are dropping water from helicopters to “guzzlers” set in the desert for bighorns and other wildlife.

Guzzlers collect water from rain and concentrate it in a water trough for animals to use during particularly arid conditions.

The following are my questions about the project and answers from Doug Nielsen, Public Affairs/Conservation Education Supervisor with the Nevada Department of Wildlife.

A herd of bighorns at a guzzler. (Photo Courtesy Nevada Department of Wildlife)

(Chester Moore) How much water was brought to the guzzlers?

(Doug Nielsen) Between June 2 and July 14, the department hauled 71,846 gallons of water to 20 different water developments or guzzlers. Most of those are in the extreme Southern Nevada area, but a couple are near Tonopah in the Central part of the state.  In 2020, that number was 167,000 gallons and it was distributed among 30 guzzlers.

How was the water put into the individual guzzlers?

Basically, the water is ferried by helicopters using a Bambi Bucket like those used to fight wildland fires. The helicopter pilot dips the bucket into a portable water storage tank and then flies the water into the remotely located guzzler. At the guzzler, the pilot drops the water into a fol-da-tank and from there it is pumped into the storage tank of the guzzler. In past years the water was dropped onto an apron, but this new method saves water and is much more efficient.

A water drop at a guzzler in the southern Nevada desert. (Photo Courtesy Nevada Department of Wildlife)

How many sheep in the area could potentially be impacted?

The hardest hit area at the time was the Muddy Mountain-Black Mountain complex. Between the two ranges there are approximately 900 sheep, the largest concentration of sheep in the state.

A big desert bighorn ram visits a guzzler. (Photo Courtesy Nevada Department of Wildlife)

How does this drought compare to the 1996 drought there and the ones in 01-02 timeframe?

I spoke with Pat Cummings, field biologist in the Southern Region, and he said the two years of severe back-to-back drought are far worse than that of 1996. We had no monsoonal weather flow in 2019 or 2020, and any other rain storms were almost nonexistent. Though we had some monsoonal moisture in July, he said it is premature to consider Southern Nevada as being out of the drought. Some recharge of the water developments and springs has taken place, but there are still areas of significant concern. Those include the Hiko, Specter, Bare and McCullough mountain ranges.

In 2020 we went 240 days without measurable precipitation. So far in 2021, we have had only 13 days with rain and 2.8 inches of rain.

(Thanks to Doug for providing us with the great information and photos.)

This is the U.S. Drought Monitor’s drought map as of Aug. 12. You can see most of the West is in extreme drought. The dark red portions are considered “significant drought” which is above the extreme phase. Get full details here.

This is truly a monumental conservation effort and if the drought in Nevada continues, more water drops will certainly be necessary. Desert bighorns can drink up to a gallon a day and then you factor in other wildlife’s water demands and you can see the tremendous problem drought is causing in the wild lands of the American west.

The Nevada Department of Wildlife is doing all they can to conserve wild sheep under these challenging conditions as are other states facing similar scenarios.

We can do our part by supporting groups that offer support like The Wild Sheep Foundation and Nevada Bighorns Unlimited who help support sheep through funding, research and manpower efforts that aid state, federal and tribal agencies.

These are special animals and during this trying time all of who have a heart for them need to do our part to ensure their survival in all areas.

Chester Moore

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Understanding the Majestic (And Frustrating) Permit

Join Chester Moore as he interviews Dr. Aaron Adams, Conservation & Science Director for the Bonefish & Tarpon Trust about the misunderstood and mysterious permit.

These flats fish thrill (and frustrate) anglers throughout Florida and the Caribbean and are facing a number of conservation challenges.

Photo courtesy Dreamstime.

Want to learn more about permit? Don’t miss this one.

Click here to listen.

This episode is part 2 of our Flats Slam series that began last week as we focused on tarpon with Capt. Brian Barrera on the Higher Calling Gulf Coast branch of our podcast.

Listen to that episode here.

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Seeking The Silver King-In Texas!

The tarpon, known by its fans as the “silver king”, is arguably the most prestigious nearshore sportfish in the world.

A tarpon is the logo of our Higher Calling Gulf Coast branch and is a species we are doing our best to raise awareness of in relation to conservation initiatives.

Don’t miss this episode of Higher Calling Gulf Coast as I interview Capt. Brian Barrera about fishing for tarpon in Texas.

If you’ve ever dreamed of catching the “silver king” in Texas, this is a can’t miss show.

This kicks off three weeks of programs on the Flats Slam.

Click here to listen.

Capt. Brian Barrera with a nice South Padre area Silver King. (Photo by Kelly Groce)

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Keeping Sheep On the Mountain

“To put and keep wild sheep on the mountain”

That’s the mission statement of The Wild Sheep Foundation (WSF) and although it is a big, inspiring statement, it is also nuanced.

For those into wild sheep, visions of releasing bighorns from areas of abundance to locations that need population boosts immediately come to mind.

Translocation of sheep after all is the heart of bighorn management.

But it’s not the hardest part.

Keeping those sheep on the mountain is the greatest challenge in a world where things are changing rapidly and old threats still exist.

“Disease is still our number one threat,” said Gray Thorn, WSF President & CEO.

“And that’s one of the primary things we will be addressing during our Chapter and Affiliate Summit in Idaho.”

Thornton told me that when I visited WSF headquarters in Bozeman last week.

The author and WSF President & CEO Gray Thornton in front of the replica of the world record Rocky Mountain Bighorn at WSF headquarters. The horns are from a replica taken from a mold of the original horns and the hide is from another sheep legally acquired from a taxidermist.

As a WSF member and a wildlife journalist who closely follows all things sheep, it was great to visit the headquarters.

It’s a beautiful building and of course filled with wild sheep taxidermy including a replica of the world record Rocky Mountain bighorn but it’s certainly not massive.

For an organization that puts millions of dollars on the ground for sheep each year, one might expect huge offices with many employees but that’s not the case.

It’s a handful of people working extremely hard to make an impactful organization even moreso.

The Wild Sheep Foundation headquarters in Bozeman, MT. (Photo by Chester Moore)

“The COVID situation presented many challenges for us as it did for everyone else but we quickly pivoted making the best use of technolgoy and were able to make strides forward,” Thornton said.

This included a virtual expo that saw membership numbers increase and fundaising records fall.

In all, $4,488,500 was raised in three evening auctions from conservation permits according to WSF officials.

A Rocky Mountain bighorn makes its way up a 12 foot rock wall near Estes Park, Colorado with one jump. (Photo by Chester Moore)

“Depending on the permit, eighty-five to one hundred percent of these funds are directed to these fish and wildlife agencies for wild sheep conservation, management, and enhancement programs.”

According to the Western Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies 74 percent of all agency wild sheep conservation funding comes from an auction or raffle conservation permit.

An example of those funds being used for the group’s mission statement came with a 2021 reintroduction of bighorns into Montana’s Tendoy Mountains.

Translocation of sheep has allowed bighorns to be one of North America’s great comeback stories. This desert bighorn is about to be released at Black Gap Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Texas after being captured at Elephant Mountain WMA. (Photo by Chester Moore)

The sheep were driven overnight to Dell, MT, where they were released at dawn the next morning into the Tendoy Mountain Range according to WSF Communication & Marketing Director Keith Balfourd.

Additionally, efforts have also went toward keeping sheep on the mountain this year with a collaborative water project with the Texas Bighorn Society for desert bighorns and weighing in on domestic sheep grazing policy on public land.

The aforementioned disease issue comes directly from domestic sheep and goats.

There’s something about wild sheep that gets to a person when encountering them.

The author photographed this desert bighorn in Nevada in 2020. He is on a quest to photograph wild sheep in all states and territories by 2029.

Whether it’s drawing a dream tag to hunt Stone Sheep in British Columbia or photographing them across various states as I am doing, these animals are truly inspiring.

And it’s good to know there are people like WSF and it’s chapters and affiliates working hard to make sure these great animals have a place on the mountain today and in the future.

Visit the Wild Sheep Foundation’s website to learn more.

To subscribe to this blog and get many updates about wild sheep and other mountain wildlife, enter your email at the prompt on the top right of the page.

Chester Moore